Understand the value of hyphens and punctuation marks. When adding a tail, the value of a note is halved, and when a dot is added, the value of the note increases by half. With a few exceptions, which we will not mention here, the dot is always positioned to the right of the beginning of the note. When you see a dot with a dot, the value of that note increases by one and a half times its original value. For example, a quarter note will be equal to a white note plus a quarter note. A quarter note will be equal to a quarter note plus an apostrophe.
Hyphens are also similar to dots – they increase the value of a note. A hyphen is a curve that connects the ends of two notes together. Unlike the abstract nature and its value depending on the note it is on the side of the dot, the hyphen is easy to understand: the value of the note will be extended to the exact value of the second note.
See more at: The periodic table of music notation poster
