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detectors are in a position to discriminate between the two occasions . ZEPLIN-III makes use of the scintillation properties of liquid Xe to detect WIMPs, shielded by lead and a liquid scintillator veto to cut back background radiation . XENON10 also uses liquid Xe to detect scintillation and ionization events . The exclusion curves from these collaborations are proven in Figure 6. In Figure 6, the character and extent of the shaded areas from principle depend closely on the person supersymmetric theories; we mean only to indicate right here that there are theories which predict WIMP candidates which might be throughout the attain of current and planned direct detection experiments. the place is the dimensions of the compactified additional dimension, is the common standard mannequin mass of the particle, and is the mode number. Each standard model particle is then related to an infinite tower of excited Kaluza-Klein states. If translational invariance alongside the fifth dimension is postulated, then a new discrete symmetry referred to as Kaluza-Klein parity exists and the Lightest Kaluza-Klein particle can really be steady and act as dark matter; in most models the LKP is the primary excitation of the photon. Working within the framework of the Universal Extra Dimensions model , Servant and Tait showed in 2003 that if the LKP has mass between 500 and 1200 GeV, then the LKP particle can exist in enough numbers to act because the dark matter . Additional motivations for extra dimensional theories of darkish matter include proton stability and the cancellation of gauge anomalies from three generations of fermions . When examining the particle content of the SM with SUSY, there are a number of possible particles which may act as dark matter. These are the neutralino , the sneutrino , and the gravitino . All of those particles are electrically neutral and weakly interacting, and thus are ideal WIMP-like candidates for dark matter. However, sneutrinos annihilate very rapidly within the early universe, and sneutrino relic densities are too low to be cosmologically important . And gravitinos act as scorching darkish matter quite than chilly dark matter, and large-scale construction observations are inconsistent with a universe dominated by scorching darkish matter . This leaves the neutralino as a viable candidate. In conclusion, the evidence for darkish matter on scales from dwarf galaxies to clusters to the biggest scales within the Universe is compelling. There is outstanding settlement between multiple strains of evidence concerning the need for cold darkish
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